Scopes and Optics

Magnification and Use: The necessary magnification will depend on the type of activity. For small game and close range shooting, a low magnification (1-4x) is sufficient. For big game hunting and long-range shooting, higher magnification (4-16x or more) is recommended.
Lens Diameter: A larger lens (40-50mm) allows more light in, improving visibility in low light conditions. However, it increases the weight of the scope.
Reticle: Mil-Dot reticles are popular for their ability to estimate distances and correct for windage. Illuminated reticles are useful in low light conditions.
First or Second Focal Plane: In a first focal plane scope, the reticle changes size with magnification, which is useful for estimating distances at all zoom settings. In the second focal plane, the reticle remains the same size, ideal for precise shooting at a specific magnification.
Construction and Durability: Make sure the headset is waterproof, fog-proof, and shock-proof. 30mm tubes are typically more robust and allow for more elevation and windage adjustments compared to 1" tubes.
Parallax Adjustment: Parallax-adjustable scopes eliminate parallax error at variable distances, improving accuracy.

Binoculars:
Magnification and Objective Diameter: Similar to scopes, higher magnification is ideal for long distances, while a large objective allows for better vision in low light conditions.
Prisms: Roof prisms are more compact and lighter, while Porro prisms offer better depth perception and a wider field of view.
Lens Coatings: Anti-reflective coatings improve light transmission and image clarity.
Use and Portability: Consider weight and size based on intended use, such as bird watching, hunting, or outdoor activities.
Thermal Optics:
Resolution and Sensitivity: The thermal sensor resolution and sensitivity determine the clarity and accuracy of the image.
Detection Range: Choose a device with a detection range suitable for your needs, whether for hunting, surveillance or security.
Display Modes: Different display modes, such as hot white, hot black, and multi-color, can improve visibility in different conditions.
Durability and Strength: Make sure the thermal optics are water and impact resistant, suitable for outdoor use.

Quality-Price: Look for well-known brands that offer guarantees and have a good reputation in the market. You don't always need to buy the most expensive option to get quality performance.
Examples of Products:
Scopes: Hawke Vantage 3-9x40 offers excellent value for money with mil-dot reticle and parallax adjustment. Leupold VX-Freedom 3-9x40 is another robust and quality option.
Binoculars: Vortex Diamondback 10x42 are known for their clarity and durability at a reasonable price. Bushnell Trophy XLT 8x42 is also an affordable and reliable option.
Thermal: Hikmicro Thunder 35mm offers great value for money with good resolution and detection range. Flir Scout TK is a more accessible option for beginners.

Warranty: Many brands offer lifetime or limited warranties for their optical products. For example, Vortex offers a VIP lifetime warranty, covering manufacturing defects and damage during normal use.
Technical Service: It is crucial to choose brands that offer technical support and repair service. Brands such as Leupold, Bushnell and Hawke have authorized service centers that ensure proper repair and maintenance of products.
Purchase Recommendations:
Vortex: Known for excellent customer service and lifetime warranty.
Leupold: Offers high quality products with a Gold Ring guarantee and robust technical service.
Bushnell: Provides a limited lifetime warranty and has an extensive technical service network.
Conclusion
Choosing the right optic, whether it's a scope, prismatic, or thermal, depends on your specific needs, the type of activity you do, and your budget. Consider factors such as magnification, objective diameter, reticle, and product durability. Take advantage of the guarantees and technical services offered by recognized brands to ensure a satisfactory and long-lasting purchase.