Spring-piston break-barrel air rifles

Spring-piston air rifles are airguns that operate by means of a spring and piston; when the barrel is cocked the air in a chamber is compressed and when the trigger is pulled the spring releases the energy, propelling the pellet down the barrel.

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Ideal for getting started in sport shooting and for recreational use, they offer simple maintenance, great reliability and a direct mechanical feel that many shooters appreciate.

What calibres are available in spring-piston air rifles?

The most common are 4.5 mm (.177), 5.5 mm (.22) and 6.35 mm (.25); less common but available are .20 and larger calibres. .177 for precision and competition. .22 and .25 for greater impact energy.

What is the typical power (Joules / FPS) of a spring-piston air rifle?

Typically: entry-level models ≈ F < 7.5 J; recreational/hunting standard ≈ 12–24 J; some “high-performance” models reach 30 J or slightly more. (objective/chamber at least 33 mm)
Velocity (FPS) depends on pellet weight: e.g. with a 0.5 g (≈7.7 gr) pellet 12 J ≈ 219 m/s (719 fps) and 24 J ≈ 310 m/s (1,016 fps); with a 0.68 g pellet speeds are lower (≈188 m/s and 266 m/s respectively).

What scope is recommended for a spring-piston air rifle?

A robust, spring-rated scope: 4x32 and variable 3–9x or 4–12x with objective 32–40 mm, tube 1" (25.4 mm) or 30 mm depending on rings; simple reticle (duplex/mil-dot). Prioritise recoil resistance, good optics and solid mounts; avoid very high magnifications for short/medium range.

How long does a spring last before needing replacement?

Depends on quality and use, roughly 5,000–20,000 shots; for recreational users this can mean several years. Signs to replace: sustained power loss, change in grouping or excessive spring “bounce” (vibrations, noises).

What common faults occur in spring rifles and how to fix them?

Power loss → fatigued spring, damaged spring guide or worn seals. Fix: replace spring/guide/seals (leather) and check correct lubrication.
Noises/play (clonk, click) → loose screws, loose rings/mounts or internal play. Fix: tighten screws, inspect mounts and adjust/replace loose parts.
Air leaks / escape at the action mouth → damaged piston seals, pinched or broken barrel seals. Fix: replace rubber seals.
Broken or deformed spring → immediate spring replacement and inspection of associated parts.
Hard or irregular trigger → dirt, misadjustment or wear. Fix: cleaning, fine adjustment or replacing the trigger group if needed.
(General recommendation: for complex internal repairs consult a qualified gunsmith, e.g. CARBIN service.)

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